Select the variables and write function with its coordinates. The tool will immediately determine the plane tangent to a point on a curve, with the steps shown.
An online tangent plane calculator will help you efficiently determine the tangent plane at a given point on a curve. Moreover, it can accurately handle both 2 and 3 variable mathematical functions and provides a step-by-step solution. Being able to calculate a tangent plane quickly using this calculator without going through all the steps of differential calculus is a huge time saver. Additionally, you will also get its theoretical background and will find some solved examples as a bonus.
As you know that derivative \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) of a function \(f(x)\) at a particular point represents a tangent line at that point. You can calculate tangent line to a surface using our Tangent Line Calculator. Similarly, partial derivative \(frac{∂y}{∂x}\) of function \(f(x)\) at a particular point represents a tangent plane at that point. At a point, it will contain all the tangent lines which are touching the curvature of the function under consideration at that point as .
The function forming the surface should be differentiable at a point so that this plane may exist there.
Let S be a surface defined by a differentiable function \( z = f(x,y) \) which involves 2 variables, and let \(P_o = (x_o, y_o)\) be a point in the domain of f. Then, the equation of tangent plane to S at Po is given by:
$$ z = f(x_o,y_o )+f_x(x_o,y_o )(x-x_o )+f_y(x_o,y_o )(y-y_o )$$
On similar lines, general equation of tangent plane at \(P_o=(x_o, y_o, z_o)\) to a surface S defined by a mathematical function \(z = f(x,y,z)\) which involves 3 variables is given below:
$$z = f(x_o, y_o, z_o) + f_x(x_o, y_o, z_o)(x − x_o) + f_y(x_o, y_o, z_o)(y − y_o) + f_z(x_o, y_o, z_o)(z − z_o)$$
You need to follow the forthcoming steps for finding the equation of a tangent plane on a surface given by a function. This tangent plane calculator also gives a similar solution in a fraction of the time.
Make sure that you have a mathematical function of the surface and the coordinates of the point on that surface where you want to calculate the equation.
Partially differentiate the mathematical function of the surface under consideration. The detailed calculations can be seen from the examples shown in the next section.
Calculate the value of partially differentiated function at the given points for finding tangent plane equation as shown in the upcoming examples.
Following examples clearly illustrate how the desired equation can be determined using the above-mentioned steps. Our tangent plane calculator also follows the same procedure as used in these examples and you can get exactly same result in seconds.
Example-1:
Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface \(z=x2+y2\) at the point \((1,2,5)\).
Solution:
For the function \(f(x,y) = x^2+y^2\) , we have:
$$fx(x,y) = 2x$$
$$fy(x,y) = 2y$$
So, the equation of the tangent plane at the point \((1,2,5)\) is:
$$2(1)(x−1)+2(2)(y−2)−z+5 = 0$$
$$= 2x+4y−z−5=0$$
Example-2:
Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface defined by the function \(f(x,y)=sin(2x)cos(3y)\) at the point \((π/3,π/4)\).
Solution:
First, we will calculate \(fx(x,y)\) and \(fy(x,y)\), then we’ll calculate the required tangent plane equation using the general equation
\(z=f(x_o,y_o )+fx(x_o,y_o )(x-x_o )+fy(x_o,y_o)(y-y_o)\) with \(xo = \frac{π}{3}\) and \(yo = \frac{π}{4}\):
$$f_x(x,y) = 2cos(2x)cos(3y)$$
$$f_y(x,y) = −3sin(2x)sin(3y)$$
$$f(\frac{π}{3},\frac{π}{4}) = sin(2(\frac{π}{3}))cos(3(\frac{π}{4})) = (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})(\frac{-\sqrt{2}}{2}) = \frac{-\sqrt{6}}{2}$$
$$f_x(\frac{π}{3},\frac{π}{4}) = 2cos(2(\frac{π}{3}))cos(3(\frac{π}{4})) = 2(\frac{-1}{2})( \frac{-√2}{2}) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$$
$$f_y(\frac{π}{3},\frac{π}{4}) = 2\sqrt{2} − 3sin(2(\frac{π}{3}))sin(3(\frac{π}{4})) = −3(3\sqrt{2})(2\sqrt{2}) = −36\sqrt{4}$$
Now, we will Substitute these values in the general equation:
$$z = f(x_o,y_o) + f_x(x_o,y_o)(x−x_o) + f_y(x_o,y_o)(y−yo_)$$
$$z = −6\sqrt{4} + 2\sqrt{2}(x − \frac{π}{3}) − 36√4 (y − \frac{π}{4})$$
$$= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}x − \frac{(3\sqrt{6})}{4}y − \frac{\sqrt{6}}{4} − \frac{π\sqrt{2}}{6} + \frac{3π\sqrt{6}}{16}$$
Example-3:
Find the tangent plane to \(x^2+ y^2 + z^2 = 30\) at the point \((1, -2, 5)\).
Solution:
$$f(x, y, z)=x^2 + y^2 + z^2$$
$$∇f = (2x,2y,2z)$$
$$∇f(1,−2,5) = (2,−4,10)$$
$$\text{ Solution Equation } = 2(x - 1) - 4(y + 2) + 10(z - 5)$$
Example-4:
Determine the tangent plane to the surface \(x2 + 2y2 + 3z2 = 36\) at the point \(P = (1, 2, 3)\)
Solution:
In order to use gradients, we introduce a new variable:
$$w = x^2 + 2y^2 + 3z^2$$
Our surface is then the level surface \(w = 36\). Therefore, the normal to surface is: $$∇w = (2x, 4y, 6z)$$
At the point P we have \(∇w|P = (2, 8, 18)\). Using point normal form, the equation of the tangent plane is:
$$2(x − 1) + 8(y − 2) + 18(z − 3) = 0, \text { or equivalently } 2x + 8y + 18z = 72$$
Efficient and speedy calculation equation for tangent plane is possible by this online calculator by following the forthcoming steps: You can toggle between 2-variable calculation and 3-variable calculation by hitting the relevant tabs that are on the top of input fields.
This calculator determines the equation of the tangent plane touching the surface (formed by given mathematical function) at the coordinate points. It also provides a step-by-step solution entailing all the relevant details differentiation.
Partial differentiation is basically used to determine its equation which governs the plane. This tangent plane calculator is based on the same mathematical concept and yields accurate results in seconds.
Tangent lines lie in 2-D space, but tangent planes are a combination of all the tangent lines touching a surface at a particular point hence, it lies in 3-D space.
Tangent vector is a single line which barely touches the surface (determined by a mathematical function) at a point whereas, tangent plane is a combination of all the tangent vectors touching the surface at a particular point.
A tangent plane barely touches the curve surface and runs parallel to it whereas, a normal line passes through the surface and in perpendicular to it.
Performing all these calculations manually is a very tedious process. This online tangent plane equation calculator is a handy resource which produces accurate results in no time even when dealing with 3 variable functions. The mathematical framework used in the backend calculation is exactly the same as used in the manual process.
From Wikipedia – Tangents From the educational blog of Openstax – Tangent Planes and Linear Approximations From the online resources of Libretexts – Tangent Plane to a Surface
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